ArticleScandinavian journal of immunology2026
Patients Suffering From Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Feature Enhanced Antibody Reactivity Towards Specific Linear Epitopes Within EBV EBNA1.
Article in Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Patients Suffering From Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Feature Enhanced Antibody Reactivity Towards Specific Linear Epitopes Within EBV EBNA1.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS; also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, PASC and Long COVID) manifests with various clinical symptoms of unclear aetiology that persist or develop months after acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. Potential triggers for PCS include reactivation of latent viruses and autoimmune reactions. In our retrospective cross-sectional and explorative study we compared 48 PCS patients with 48 individuals that recovered fully from COVID-19 (convalescents, CC). We focused on characterising humoral immunity by recording IgG antibody reactivity patterns against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA1 antigen using peptide microarray and ELISA methodology as well as determining the presence of autoantibodies. The overall binding landscape of IgG antibodies for the EBV EBNA1 protein was similar for the patients with sequelae versus the convalescents. However, the PCS patients displayed stronger reactivity for epitopes contained within the glycine-alanine repeat region of EBNA1, in particular residues 90-325, and within the central part, amino acids 393-420. Intriguingly, in the latter case, the EBNA1 peptide (residues 405-419) that discriminated the PCS and CC cohorts was localised in a different segment C-terminal from the sequence proposed to be mechanistically associated with multiple sclerosis. The screening for autoantibodies against nuclear/cytoplasmic antigens in HEp-2 cells and against CRYAB, cardiolipin, beta-2-glycoprotein I, IFN-alpha2, IFN-omega, and IL-15 antigens did neither reveal higher prevalence nor increased reactivity in the PCS patients compared to the convalescents. In conclusion, elevated antibody levels against linear peptides derived from residues 90-325 and 405-419 of EBV EBNA1 were the most distinctive characteristics in our cohort of post-COVID-19 syndrome patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.