Benefits of public engagement in research and barriers to participation: a UK-based survey of academic scientists and support staff including international respondents.

Public engagement is increasingly central to research, especially in biomedical fields, fostering dialogue between scientists and society, building trust and ensuring real-world relevance. However, as scientific and clinical progress accelerates, the gap between researchers and the public continues to widen, underscoring the need for deeper, more meaningful engagement. Despite the acknowledged value of public engagement for both researchers and the public, we know relatively little about academics' views on opportunities and potential barriers to participation. Using questionnaires and interviews, this study captured insights from 99 researchers and professionals across academic disciplines, career stages and geographical and cultural contexts. Respondents consistently regarded public engagement as an important and rewarding aspect of research, teaching and institutional responsibilities, with the potential to enhance public understanding, acceptance and societal impact. However, enthusiasm was tempered by persistent barriers, including academic workloads, inadequate resources and support, and a lack of formal recognition within career progression. Respondents emphasized the need for systemic reforms to enable greater participation, including tailored training, sustained funding and institutional frameworks that acknowledge and reward engagement. Overall, the findings demonstrate that while motivation for public engagement is widespread, structural and systemic challenges limit its full potential. Addressing these barriers requires coordinated action from universities, funders and policymakers to establish and embed public engagement more consistently as an integral component of academic research and higher education.