Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41516884›Full record

ArticlePolymers2025

Enhancing Processability and Multifunctional Properties of Polylactic Acid-Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Composites with Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Siting Guo, Evgeni Ivanov, Vladimir Georgiev, Paul Stanley, Iza Radecka, Ahmed M Eissa, Roberta Tolve, Fideline Tchuenbou-Magaia

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Siting GuoCentre for Engineering Innovation and Research, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1 LY, UK.ORCID 0009-0000-9266-7248
Evgeni IvanovOpen Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-8337-6884
Vladimir GeorgievOpen Laboratory on Experimental Micro and Nano Mechanics (OLEM), Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Block 4, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0009-0006-6654-2744
Paul StanleySchool of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, National Brownfield Institute, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1 LY, UK.
Iza RadeckaResearch Institute of Healthcare Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3257-8803
Ahmed M EissaResearch Institute of Healthcare Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5021-8732
Roberta TolveDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3384-0888
Fideline Tchuenbou-MagaiaCentre for Engineering Innovation and Research, School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1 LY, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3311-3696

Funding

European Commission 871163
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing accumulation of plastic and electronic waste highlights the urgent need for sustainable and biodegradable polymers. However, developing intrinsically conductive biodegradable polymers remains challenging, particularly for packaging and sensing applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is intrinsically non-conductive, and enhancing its functionality without compromising structural integrity is a key research goal. In this study, PLA-based filaments were developed using melt extrusion, incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), individually and in hybrid combinations with total filler contents between 1 and 5 wt%. The inclusion of CNC enhanced the dispersion of GNP and CNT, promoting the formation of interconnected conductive networks within the PLA matrix, allowing the percolation threshold to be reached at a lower fillers concentration. Hybrid formulations showed a balance melt strength and processability suitable for fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing and prototypes successfully made. This study also provides the first systematic evaluation of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of PLA-based composites at multiple temperatures (25, 5, and -20 °C), relevant to typical food and medical supply chains conditions.

Indexed as

biobased composite filamentscarbon nanotubeselectrical conductivityextrusiongraphene nanoplateletspolylactic acidrheological behavioursensorssmart packagingthermal conductivity

Identifiers

PMID41516884
PMCPMC12787572

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.