Routing Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks: Recent Advances and Open Challenges.

Haoran Qin, Haoru Su, Xiaopeng Niu, Hongli Chen

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Haoran QinCollege of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Haoru SuCollege of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6653-7650

Xiaopeng NiuSchool of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.

Hongli ChenCollege of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Funding

Beijing Natural Science Foundation L222048

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The growing demand for personalized healthcare is driving the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). These networks enable continuous monitoring of physiological parameters. In WBANs, routing protocols are essential for ensuring reliable data delivery. However, designing efficient protocols is challenging due to the specific environment of the human body. Key issues include limited energy, frequent topology changes caused by movement, and diverse Quality of Service needs. In this review, we investigate, summarize, and analyze state-of-the-art WBAN routing protocols. Specifically, we outline the architecture of WBAN-based eHealth systems and review major design challenges. We then present a categorized survey of recent protocols. Subsequently, we examine the distribution across protocol categories and compare their performance. Finally, we identify open challenges and discuss future research directions.

Indexed as

Computer Communication NetworksWireless TechnologyDigital HealthHumansTelemedicineenergy efficiencyInternet of Thingsquality of servicerouting protocolwireless body area network

Identifiers

PMID41516666

DOI10.3390/s26010231

PMCPMC12788216

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.