Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41516561›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

MF-IEKF: A Multiplicative Federated Invariant Extended Kalman Filter for INS/GNSS.

Lebin Zhao, Tao Chen, Peipei Yuan, Xiaoyang Li, Yang Luo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Lebin ZhaoSchool of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China.
Tao ChenSchool of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7026-2231
Peipei YuanSchool of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China.
Xiaoyang LiSchool of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China.ORCID 0009-0006-8520-621X
Yang LuoSchool of Automobile, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710018, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51978075Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province 2025JC-YBMS-458Sichuan Expressway Construction and Development Group Co., Ltd 2024-cg-ky-22
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of an inertial navigation system (INS) with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is crucial for suppressing the error drift of the INS. However, traditional fusion methods based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) suffer from geometric inconsistency, leading to biased estimates-a problem markedly exacerbated under large initial misalignment angles. The invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF) embeds the state in the Lie group SE

Indexed as

global navigation satellite system (GNSS)inertial navigation system (INS)multiplicative federated invariant EKF (MF-IEKF)state estimation

Identifiers

PMID41516561
PMCPMC12787677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.