ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Overcoming Therapeutic Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Targeting the Undrugged Kinome.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting histamine signaling: repurposing antihistamines for cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Review
- Anti-centromere antibody positivity: a spectrum of clinical diagnoses and immunological patterns in a large patient cohort.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Beyond chemotherapy: the evolving role of photodynamic therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- The Effects of Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Exposure Alone or in Combination on Neurotoxicity Through Neural Signaling Pathways.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Brain: Mechanistic Plausibility, Translational Challenges, and Links to Neurological Disease Trends.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Novel Insights into the Role of circRNAs in Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) remains the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, characterized by profound heterogeneity and a lack of effective targeted therapies. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy is the standard of care, the rapid emergence of resistance driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), metabolic plasticity, and the tumor microenvironment limits long-term survival. This review highlights the paradigm shift in TNBC treatment from 2021 to 2025, moving beyond broad cytotoxicity to precision medicine. We first examine the limitations of earlier targeted therapies, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors, which failed due to compensatory feedback loops and toxicity. We then discuss emerging synthetic lethality strategies targeting the G2/M checkpoint (WEE1, ATR) and mitotic kinases (PLK1, TTK) to exploit genomic instability in TP53-mutant tumors. Furthermore, we explore how novel modalities like PROTACs and Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are unlocking the "undrugged kinome," including targets like TNIK, PTK7, and PAK4, which were previously inaccessible. Finally, we propose that future success lies in combinatorial strategies integrating these next-generation kinase inhibitors with ADCs and immunotherapies to dismantle therapeutic resistance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.