Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41516055›Full record

Observational studyInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Analysis of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Response Patterns in Patients Receiving Phage Therapy.

Hubert Kasprzak, Maciej Przybylski, Wojciech Fortuna, Sławomir Letkiewicz, Paweł Rogóż, Barbara Bubak, Andrzej Górski, Ryszard Międzybrodzki

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Phage therapy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hubert KasprzakBacteriophage Laboratory, Phage Therapy Department, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0009-0009-0082-4636
Maciej PrzybylskiChair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0868-0018
Wojciech FortunaPhage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5019-1680
Sławomir LetkiewiczPhage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6102-2594
Paweł RogóżPhage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
Barbara BubakBacteriophage Laboratory, Phage Therapy Department, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
Andrzej GórskiBacteriophage Laboratory, Phage Therapy Department, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0863-6041
Ryszard MiędzybrodzkiBacteriophage Laboratory, Phage Therapy Department, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7379-7290

Funding

National Science Centre 2018/31/B/NZ6/03999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phage therapy (PT) is a promising alternative for antibiotic-resistant infections, but its immunomodulatory effects in clinical settings remain poorly understood. This exploratory observational study aimed to characterize pro- and anti-inflammatory gene response patterns in ten patients undergoing personalized PT at the Phage Therapy Unit in Wrocław. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes were analyzed to assess changes in the expression of 22 selected immune-related genes associated with innate and adaptive immune signaling pathways. While no uniform pattern of immune gene expression was observed across the cohort, individual cases exhibited significant up- or downregulation of specific genes. Interestingly, we identified biological age as a potential determinant of the host response. Specifically, older patients showed higher activation of the innate sensing machinery in PBMCs, characterized by a higher

Indexed as

InflammationPhage TherapyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBacteriophagesFemaleGene Expression RegulationGranulocytesHumansImmunity, InnateLeukocytes, MononuclearMaleMiddle Agedanti-inflammatory genesbacteriophagesgene expressionimmune responsephage therapypro-inflammatory genes

Identifiers

PMID41516055
PMCPMC12786087

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.