Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41515314›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Recent Advances.

Massa Zahdeh, Rafik Karaman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Massa ZahdehPharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine.
Rafik KaramanPharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine.ORCID 0000-0001-5526-4490

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are metallic nanoparticles with strong biomedical potential and have FDA approval. Their nanoscale size, optical tunability, and biocompatibility allow them to be used for tumor-targeted delivery, photothermal therapy, imaging contrast, radiosensitization, gene transfection, biosensing, personalized medicine and AI-supported healthcare solutions. These properties made AuNPs a game-changing tool in nanomedicine.

methodsGoogle Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect were used to search the literature with keywords related to gold nanoparticles, synthesis, functionalization and advanced applications in biomedicine. The search mainly focused on studies published between 2018-2025, and older landmark papers were only included when needed to describe classical synthesis.

resultsStandard AuNP synthesis and functionalization approaches were compared with advanced methods such as green synthesis, microfluidic synthesis, polymer functionalization and AI-supported synthesis optimization. AuNPs moved from traditional drug administration and basic diagnostics into multiplex imaging, targeted therapy, hybrid theranostics, spectral CT imaging, gene delivery and CRISPR-related applications.

conclusionsThis review demonstrates the evolution of AuNPs in biomedicine from traditional nanoparticles to sophisticated multifunctional nanosystems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first assessment that explicitly contrasts sophisticated AuNP techniques with conventional procedures in biomedical applications.

Indexed as

GoldMetal NanoparticlesAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsGene Transfer TechniquesHumansNanomedicineTheranostic NanomedicineGoldadvanced nanotechnologyAuNP synthesisfunctionalizationgold nanoparticlesgreen synthesisnanomedicine

Identifiers

PMID41515314
PMCPMC12786732

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.