Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41514491›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Broadband Achromatic Programmable Electromagnetic Camouflage via Fluidic-Accessible Metasurface.

Shipeng Liu, Jiahao Zhang, Jiale Wang, Zeyao Chen, Zhaotong Yu, Jinhong Luo, Jiabao Luo, Rujia Cao, Shuxi Gong, Qingxin Guo and 5 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Shipeng LiuSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Jiahao ZhangSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Jiale WangSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Zeyao ChenSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Zhaotong YuSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Jinhong LuoSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Jiabao LuoSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Rujia CaoSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Shuxi GongSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Qingxin GuoSchool of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing, China.
Ping LiApplied Physics Technology Center, Beijing Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Beijing, China.
Rujiang LiSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.
Ke ChenSchool of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yongtao JiaSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7349-9979
Ying LiuSchool of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities QTZX25086National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFA1404902National Natural Science Foundation of China 12104353National Natural Science Foundation of China 62171339National Natural Science Foundation of China 62271366National Natural Science Foundation of China 62401435National Natural Science Foundation of China U2341205
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Broadband and reconfigurable illusion camouflage remains a major challenge in electromagnetic wave manipulation, as it imposes concurrent demands for precise dispersion control together with reliable real-time switching across wide frequency ranges. Existing metasurface cloaks typically suffer from narrow bandwidths and limited adaptability, rendering them unsuitable for dynamic radar detection scenarios. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a Fluidic-Accessible Metasurface (FAM) that overcomes these limitations by enabling programmable electromagnetic illusions through focal-spot encoding. The supercells are designed with strong dispersion control and achromatic focusing capabilities, thereby generating stable scattering hotspots from the radar perspective. Through the assembly and fluidic reconfiguration of these supercells, the FAM dynamically reconstructs the illusionary contours of diverse targets, such as aircraft, drones, and tanks, within an ultrawide operational bandwidth of 9-14 GHz. Experimental near-field measurements, in agreement with full-wave simulations, verify reliable and repeatable illusion camouflage states without leakage or degradation during fluidic reconfiguration. This strategy, therefore, unifies broadband operation, dynamic programmability, high adaptability, and structural robustness, directly addressing the key limitations of existing metasurface cloaks. This work establishes a versatile platform for programmable electromagnetic illusions, enabling the practical deployment of next-generation intelligent metasurface camouflage systems.

Indexed as

achromatic strong scattering pointbroadband and reconfigurable radar illusionfluidic‐accessible metasurfacequasi‐3D microfluidic meta‐atomsolid–liquid metal hybrid architecture

Identifiers

PMID41514491
PMCPMC12915077

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.