Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41514452›Full record

ArticleMicrobiome2026

Viral and eukaryotic drivers of prokaryotic and antibiotic resistance gene diversity in wastewater microbiomes.

Antonia Weiss, Alan Xavier Elena, Uli Klümper, Kenneth Dumack

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbiome, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Antonia WeissUniversity of Cologne, Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47B, Köln, 50674, Germany.
Alan Xavier ElenaTechnische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, Dresden, 01217, Germany.
Uli KlümperTechnische Universität Dresden, Institute of Hydrobiology, Zellescher Weg 40, Dresden, 01217, Germany.
Kenneth DumackUniversity of Cologne, Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, Zülpicher Str. 47B, Köln, 50674, Germany. kenneth.dumack@uni-koblenz.de.

Funding

Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie & Raumfahrt 01DO2200Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 544004729
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are proliferating in wastewater microbiomes, yet the biotic forces shaping their diversity remain poorly understood. Here, we integrate 14 months of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from a wastewater treatment plant to reveal that viruses and microeukaryotes, long-overlooked trophic actors, may play an important role in shaping bacterial and ARG diversity.

resultsWe show that viral and microeukaryotic communities exhibit strong seasonal dynamics that cascade through the microbial food web, significantly structuring prokaryotic communities and subsequently ARG profiles. Crucially, we find that viral and microeukaryotic diversity are positively associated with bacterial diversity, which in turn shapes ARG diversity, underscoring the regulatory potential of ecological interactions.

conclusionsOur findings challenge the abiotic-centric paradigm and establish the central role of multi-trophic interactions in shaping ARG dynamics in wastewater ecosystems. Video Abstract.

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, MicrobialEukaryotaMicrobiotaVirusesWastewaterGenetic VariationMetagenomicsSeasonsWastewaterAntibiotic resistanceBacterial communitiesBiotic interactionsPhagesProtistsVirus

Identifiers

PMID41514452
PMCPMC12805738

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.