ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
Childhood trauma and non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents with depression: exploring the mediating role of shame and gender differences.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Family functioning types and self-injury risk among left-behind secondary school students: a latent profile analysis with shame as a mediator.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-suicidal self-injury is highly prevalent among children and adolescents with depression, yet the underlying psychosocial mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the associations between childhood trauma, psychological symptoms, shame, and gender, and examined mediating and moderating pathways linking childhood trauma to NSSI in this population.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, we assessed NSSI, childhood trauma (CTQ), depressive symptoms (HAMD), anxiety symptoms (HAMA), and shame (SS) in children and adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorder. Correlation analyses, logistic regression, and moderated mediation models were applied to explore direct and indirect links between childhood trauma and NSSI, with shame as a mediator and gender as a moderator.
resultsAmong 177 children and adolescents with depression, 69.5% reported NSSI, with a significantly higher proportion of females in the NSSI group (90.2%) compared to the non-NSSI group (63.0%). Children and adolescents with NSSI had higher scores on childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and shame (p < 0.001 for all). Logistic regression showed male gender as a protective factor (OR = 0.18, p < 0.001), while childhood trauma (OR = 1.04), depressive symptoms (OR = 1.15), anxiety (OR = 1.17), and shame (OR = 1.06) were risk factors (p < 0.01 for all). Mediation analysis revealed that shame mediated the trauma-NSSI link (indirect effect = 0.016, 95% CI [0.004, 0.033]); This effect was statistically detectable in females (indirect effect = 0.02, 95% CI [0.01, 0.04]) but not in males (indirect effect = 0.00, 95% CI [− 0.02, 0.03]), consistent with limited male sample size (n = 32).
conclusionsChildhood trauma, psychological symptoms, and shame were associated with NSSI in children and adolescents with depression. Shame mediated the trauma–NSSI relationship in the full sample. This mediation effect was detectable in females but not in males, consistent with the greater statistical power afforded by the larger female subgroup. These findings support clinical prioritization of shame-reduction strategies for depressed youth presenting with trauma exposure and elevated shame.
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