ArticleBMC nursing2026
The impact of nurses' perfectionistic self-presentation and toxic leadership of nurse managers on workplace incivility: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnlike overt bullying or violence, incivility refers to subtle and recurring behaviors that undermine others’ dignity. As a pervasive yet frequently overlooked problem in nursing workplaces, incivility has been linked to nurses’ well-being and the quality of patient care, underscoring the need to clarify its dynamics and antecedents. This study aimed to explore the impact of nurses’ perfectionistic self-presentation and the toxic leadership of nurse managers on workplace incivility, from the perspectives of both the victim and the perpetrator, among nurses.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, data from 319 hospital nurses were collected through an online survey from November 18 to December 6, 2024. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the impact of the perfectionistic self-presentation and nurse managers’ toxic leadership on workplace incivility.
resultsVictim-related factors had the most significant impact on workplace incivility. These factors included nurse managers’ toxic leadership, nurses’ perfectionistic self-presentation, and working in an intensive care unit, listed in descending order of significance. The factors that significantly affected the perpetrator aspect of workplace incivility included the experience of being a victim of workplace incivility and nurses’ perfectionistic self-presentation. Nurses’ perfectionistic self-presentation and the toxic leadership of nurse managers were shown to affect both the victim and the perpetrator aspects of workplace incivility.
conclusionsProactive organizational interventions are required to address workplace incivility. Emotional support should be provided to help nurses recognize and manage perfectionistic self-presentation tendencies related to both victim and perpetrator roles. Educational programs must also be established to mitigate toxic leadership among nurse managers. Additionally, senior executives should foster an organizational culture that encourages mutual respect and positive leadership among nurses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.