ArticleBMC ophthalmology2026
Development and psychometric evaluation of a lifestyle adherence assessment scale for patients with dry eye syndrome.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo develop the lifestyle adherence assessment scale for patients with dry eye syndrome and conduct validity and reliability analyses.
designA cross-sectional and methodological scale validation design, following classical test theory.
methodsThe study was conducted in three stages. The initial stage focused on item generation and revision, which involved a comprehensive literature analysis and expert inquiries. Phase two involved the assessment and exploration of items. The third phase involved a cross-sectional survey to establish construct validity, content validity, internal consistency reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. A total of 422 samples that met the study criteria were included during the second and third stages (June 2024 to March 2025).
resultsThe final scale contains 18 items across five dimensions: ophthalmic care standards, ocular strain regulation standards, seeking supports, tobacco and alcohol consumption regulations, and daily conduct guidelines. Twenty-three experts with professional experience participated in two rounds of expert consultations. Expert authority coefficients were 0.854 and 0.894 in two Delphi rounds, with 100% response and validity rates. Exploratory factor analysis extracted five factors accounting for 54.65% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit (χ²/df = 3.580, CFI = 0.958, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.072, RMSEA = 0.038). The scale-level and item-level content validity indices were both 1.000. Cronbach’s α was 0.894, and test-retest reliability was 0.931.
conclusionThe Lifestyle Adherence Assessment Scale for Dry Eye Patients has excellent reliability and validity, making it a suitable instrument for evaluating patients’ adherence to lifestyle modifications.
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