ArticlePharmaceutical research2026
Aerosol Delivery of Polyelectrolyte Surfactant-Antimicrobial Nanoparticles to the Lungs.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanotechnology-Enabled Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance in Respiratory Infections: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Translational Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Remodeling the pathological airway: advanced nanotechnology for diagnostics and therapeutics in cystic fibrosis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLung infections affect over 80% of adults with cystic fibrosis, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being a leading pathogen. Although antibiotics are frequently nebulized as standard treatments, the physicochemical environment of the diseased lung often limits their diffusion and overall effectiveness. Our previous studies showed polyelectrolyte surfactants (PS) to be a promising delivery system for cationic antimicrobials in vitro. This study seeks to expand that knowledge by evaluating their potential for nebulized delivery.
methodsTo achieve this, we evaluated their size and antimicrobial activity following nebulization; in vitro toxicity against epithelial cells and erythrocytes; and biodistribution and expression of inflammation markers following administration to healthy mice.
resultsThe nanoparticle formulation exhibited a mucolytic effect on an artificial mucus model of cystic fibrosis mucus. Following nebulization, nanoparticles retained both their size and biological activity. Additionally, they displayed no observable toxicity in vitro against either human lung epithelial cells or erythrocytes; instead, epithelial cells treated with PS-based nanoparticles showed increased cell viability. Following administration of these formulations to mice via inhalation, over 70% of the recovered nanoparticles were retained in the lungs 24 h after treatment, with a small fraction being uniformly distributed to other tissues. A screen of key inflammatory cytokines revealed that inhalation treatment led to a slight increase of IL-6 in the liver and IL-18 in the spleen. These increases seem to be consistent with a minor inflammatory response.
conclusionOverall, the results suggest that PS are a promising nanotechnology for the pulmonary delivery of cationic drugs.
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Registered trials
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