ReviewInflammopharmacology2026
Narrative review on the development of multi-target pharmacological agents for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in Inflammopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting 1–2% of the global population, characterized by systemic inflammation and progressive joint damage. The disease’s complex pathophysiology involves multiple immunological cells, inflammatory cytokines, and non-immune components, limiting the effectiveness of single-target therapeutic approaches.
objectiveThis review examines the limitations of single-target pathways in RA treatment and explores the advantages of multi-target therapeutic strategies in improving patient outcomes through simultaneous modulation of multiple inflammatory cascades.
methodsA comprehensive review of single-target pathways (MAPK, JAK-STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling) and multi-target approaches was conducted, including analysis of current pharmacological agents, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. KEY
findingsSingle-target therapies demonstrate significant limitations including incomplete symptom control, compensatory mechanisms, and treatment resistance. Multi-target approaches address these shortcomings through dual cytokine inhibition (TNF-α/IL-17, IL-6/IL-1), JAK inhibitors with broad-spectrum activity, and combined T-cell/B-cell targeting strategies. Current therapeutic options include JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib), TNF-α inhibitors, IL-6 inhibitors, and various DMARDs, each with distinct mechanisms and safety profiles.
conclusionsMulti-target pharmaceutical approaches represent a significant advancement in RA management by addressing disease complexity through simultaneous pathway modulation. Integration with biomarker-driven precision medicine enables personalized treatment strategies. Despite improved outcomes, challenges remain regarding dosage optimization and long-term safety. Further clinical trials are essential to refine these therapeutic strategies and enhance their applicability across diverse patient populations, ultimately transforming RA management and improving quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41514057What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.