ArticleScientific reports2026
2D-Cosine power sine coupled map with fractal-Fibonacci fusion for hyperchaotic image encryption.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Image security is vital in sectors such as healthcare, defence, finance, and personal data exchange, where breaches of image integrity can result in severe consequences. To address this challenge, we propose a novel image encryption framework. It combines a Fractal-Fibonacci diffusion process based on the Hilbert curve, recursive scrambling guided by chaotic sequences, and a new chaotic map entitled the Two Dimensional Cosine Power Sine Coupled Map (2D-CPSCM). These components enhance randomness and ensure maximum efficiency, resistance against cryptographic attacks. The proposed two-dimensional chaotic system exhibits positive Lyapunov exponents and superior statistical properties compared to traditional systems, as demonstrated by high sample entropy, permutation entropy, and Kolmogorov entropy, confirming its hyperchaotic behaviour. The encryption system has been evaluated using extensive simulations on benchmark images. The findings demonstrate strong key sensitivity, with an entropy of 7.9994, Number of Pixel Change Rate (NPCR) of 99.6%, Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) of 33.47%, and Number of Bit Change Rate (NBCR) of 50%. Additionally, Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) and Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) values of 1 between input and decrypted images guarantee successful decryption, whereas low Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), SSIM, and VIF between input and encrypted images reduce information leakage. The superior security, resilience, and robustness of the 2D-CPSCM based approach against statistical, noise, and cropping attacks highlights its potential for safe multimedia transmission and useful cryptographic applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.