ArticleScientific reports2026
Nonlinear effects of the built environment on urban vitality in Jinan based on multi-source data and explainable AI.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Understanding the nonlinear relationship between the built environment and urban vitality is a key challenge in urban planning. This study proposes an integrated analytical framework: (1) Combining multi-source data with explainable AI (XGBoost-SHAP) to decode nonlinear relationships and threshold effects; (2) Using the CRITIC weighting method for the first time to construct a composite urban vitality index; (3) Establishing a two-dimensional built environment framework using Baidu heat maps, nighttime light data, POIs, and street-view imagery to integrate "objective form" and "subjective perception". The findings reveal: (1) Urban vitality shows a distinct "east-strong, west-weak" clustering pattern; (2) Objective factors dominate, especially POI blending degree, density and spatial integration, while perceptual factors exhibit limited influence; (3) Key nonlinear thresholds are identified: POI blending best promotes vitality above 1.5; density shows diminishing returns beyond 4,000 units/km
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