ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2026
High-resolution visualization of biofilm matrix development in space and time using fluorescent stains for cellulose.
Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The establishment of microbial biofilms, communities embedded in self-produced extracellular matrices, poses growing challenges for health and antimicrobial management. Understanding biofilm formation is crucial for developing control and eradication strategies. In response to environmental cues, planktonic bacteria adopt a sessile lifestyle, coordinating growth with matrix production. We monitored cellulose biofilm formation by Pseudomonas sp. IsoF in real time using single-step fluorescent stains. Live-tracking of polysaccharide synthesis revealed dynamic matrix arrangements shaping final biofilm structure. Cellulose determined substratum adherence, cell contacts, and colony patterning in IsoF. Biofilms formed in flow-cells and at air-liquid interfaces were remarkably similar in composition, progression, and architecture. Artificial elevation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels produced cellulose-dependent biofilms distinct from the wild type and induced a secondary exopolysaccharide. Our fluorescent probes provide real-time visualization of matrix development, enabling detailed analysis of biofilm architecture and regulation in standard laboratory conditions.
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