Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41513673›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Time-resolved X-ray imaging of the current filamentation instability in solid-density plasmas.

Christopher Schoenwaelder, Alexis Marret, Stefan Assenbaum, Chandra B Curry, Eric Cunningham, Gilliss Dyer, Stefan Funk, Griffin D Glenn, Sebastian Goede, Dimitri Khaghani and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Christopher SchoenwaelderHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. schchris@slac.stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6181-4054
Alexis MarretHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
Stefan AssenbaumInstitute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-2048
Chandra B CurryHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-181X
Eric CunninghamLinac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-4416
Gilliss DyerLinac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-9780
Stefan FunkErlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Griffin D GlennHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-7977
Sebastian GoedeEuropean XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany.
Dimitri KhaghaniLinac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-2310
Martin RehwaldInstitute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6200-6406
Ulrich SchrammInstitute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0390-7671
Franziska TreffertHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-4241
Milenko VescoviInstitute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-5373
Karl ZeilInstitute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-409X
Siegfried H GlenzerHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-0558
Frederico FiuzaHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. frederico.fiuza@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-5535
Maxence GauthierHigh-Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA. gauthier@slac.stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-9325

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The streaming of energetic charged particles can magnetize astrophysical and laboratory plasmas via the current filamentation instability. Despite its importance, the experimental characterization of this instability has remained a challenge. Here, we report an experiment combining a high-intensity optical laser with a high-brightness X-ray free electron laser that successfully images the instability in solid-density plasmas with 200 nm spatial and 50 fs temporal resolution. We characterize the development of μm-scale filamentary structures and their evolution over tens of picoseconds through a non-linear merging process. The measured plasma density modulations and long merging time reveal the critical importance of space-charge effects and ion motion on this electron-driven instability. Supporting theoretical analysis and kinetic simulations help distinguish the relative role of space-charge and resistive effects. Our findings indicate that magnetic fields on the order of 10 megagauss are produced, with important implications for transport and radiation emission of energetic particles in plasmas.

Identifiers

PMID41513673
PMCPMC12800018

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.