Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41513637›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2026

Building epigenetic risk scores of opioid use disorder: Insights from human postmortem brain data.

Frances Heredia-Negrón, Sheila T Nagamatsu, Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrion, Yasmin Hurd, Gregory Rompala, Kyle Melín, Gabriela Garcia-Vassallo, Abiel Roche-Lima, Janitza L Montalvo-Ortiz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Frances Heredia-NegrónCenter for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities - CCHRD, RCMI Program, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2704-6741
Sheila T NagamatsuDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-5094
Kelvin Carrasquillo-CarrionCenter for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities - CCHRD, RCMI Program, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
Yasmin HurdIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0808-2832
Gregory RompalaNational Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Orange, CT, USA.
Kyle MelínDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-8021
Gabriela Garcia-VassalloDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-7493
Abiel Roche-LimaCenter for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities - CCHRD, RCMI Program, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
Janitza L Montalvo-OrtizDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. janitza.montalvo-ortiz@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8365

Funding

Upstream Regulation and Downstream effectors of c-MYC in Ovarian CancerU54MD007600 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES · PI Gregory J Quirk · 2017 to 2026
$35.8M
Deciphering the single-nucleus genomic regulatory structure of opioid use disorder in the human brainDP1DA058737 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Janitza Liz Montalvo-Ortiz · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
Integrative Epigenomic Mapping of Co-Morbid OUD and PTSD SupplementR21DA050160 · NIDA · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MONTALVO-ORTIZ, JANITZA LIZ · 2020 to 2021
$433k
CSRD VA IK2 CX002095NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA058737NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA050160NIMHD NIH HHS U54 MD007600U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) DP1DA058737U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) R21DA050160U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (Department of Veterans Affairs) 1IK2CX002095-01A1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses significant global health and socioeconomic burden. While epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA methylation (5mC), have been implicated in OUD, recent work from our group has revealed an important role of DNA hydroxymethylation (5hmC). Building on prior work, we aimed to construct epigenetic risk scores as tools to help predict OUD. Methylation and hydroxymethylation risk scores (MRS/hMRS) were calculated and evaluated for their predictive ability, variance explained, and functional significance. Our results revealed that hMRS outperforms MRS in predicting OUD, with a variance explained of 33.5%. The combined MRS and hMRS explained 34.5% of the variance in OUD. Functional analysis revealed enrichment for Wnt signaling and embryonic development. Gene interaction networks implicated genes involved in opioid signaling pathway and unveiled potential novel gene candidates. This study further supports the importance of distinguishing between 5mC and 5hmC to further understand the epigenetic landscape of OUD. The higher predictive accuracy of hMRS along with hMRS's functional pathways and networks provide valuable insights into the molecular underpinnings of OUD.

Indexed as

BrainDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticOpioid-Related Disorders5-MethylcytosineAdultFemaleGenetic Risk ScoreHumansMale5-Methylcytosine

Identifiers

PMID41513637
PMCPMC12873295

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.