Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41512876›Full record

Trial reportCell reports. Medicine2026

Closed-loop modulation of sleep in children undergoing intracranial recordings.

Simeon M Wong, Vicki Li, Karim Mithani, Nebras M Warsi, Hrishikesh Suresh, Sebastian C Coleman, Olivia Arski, Colin Massicotte, Rohit Sharma, Alexander G Weil and 11 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Simeon M WongInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Vicki LiInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Karim MithaniInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nebras M WarsiInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hrishikesh SureshInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sebastian C ColemanNeurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Olivia ArskiNeurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Colin MassicotteDivision of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Rohit SharmaDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alexander G WeilDivision of Neurosurgery, CHUM-Ste Justine Children's Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Aristides HadjinicolaouDivision of Neurology, CHUM-Ste Justine Children's Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Hiroshi OtsuboDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Puneet JainDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ayako OchiDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
James T RutkaDivision of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Elizabeth N KerrDepartment of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mary Lou SmithDepartment of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lauren ShamDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Shelly WeissDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Elizabeth DonnerDivision of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
George M IbrahimInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: george.ibrahim@sickkids.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children with epilepsy suffer a vicious cycle in which disturbed sleep heightens seizure susceptibility, while seizures further disrupt sleep quality, particularly impairing the slow-wave sleep (SWS) critical for cognitive, immune, and metabolic function. We present a phase-targeted auditory stimulation (PTAS) system that delivers stimuli timed to endogenous slow oscillations. In 27 children undergoing epilepsy monitoring with simultaneous scalp, intracranial, and thalamic recordings, PTAS significantly enhances SWS power, with maximal effects on thalamic, frontal, and auditory regions in a randomized cross-over protocol. Stimulation also suppresses interictal epileptiform discharges (from 0.4 to <0.1 spikes/min) and improves cognitive performance on a response inhibition task (from 76% to 95% accuracy). These results provide direct intracranial evidence that closed-loop auditory stimulation modulates sleep architecture, suppresses pathological activity, and enhances cognition. PTAS represents a physiologically informed, non-invasive approach for addressing both neurophysiological and cognitive comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy.

Indexed as

EpilepsySleepAcoustic StimulationAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolCognitionCross-Over StudiesElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleSleep, Slow-WaveThalamusauditory-evoked responseclosed-loop auditory stimulationdeep sleepepilepsyinterictal epileptiform dischargesphase-locked auditory stimulationreal-time detectionresponse inhibitionsleepslow oscillations

Identifiers

PMID41512876
PMCPMC12866154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.