Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41512501›Full record

ArticleVaccine2026

A novel calcium influx inducer and a TLR7 agonist are synergistic co-adjuvants that enhance cross-reactive immunity against influenza in young and aged mice.

Yumi Yokoyama, Shiyin Yao, Renna Cozza, Fernando Gil, Ian Mclaughlin, Paola Anguiano Quiroz, Tyler Brown, Nikunj M Shukla, Michael Chan, Karen Messer and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yumi YokoyamaDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Shiyin YaoDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Renna CozzaDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Fernando GilDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Ian MclaughlinDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Paola Anguiano QuirozDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Tyler BrownDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Nikunj M ShuklaDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Michael ChanDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Karen MesserMoores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA. 92093-0809, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Minya PuMoores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA. 92093-0809, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, USA.
Maripat CorrDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA.
Dennis A CarsonDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA. 92093-0809, USA. Electronic address: dcarson@health.ucsd.edu.
Tomoko HayashiDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0809, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA. 92093-0809, USA. Electronic address: thayashi@ucsd.edu.

Funding

TO IDENTIFY NOVEL ADJUVANT CANDIDATES THAT CAN BE USED TO AUGMENT THE EFFICACY OF HUMAN VACCINES.75N93019C00042 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CARSON, DENNIS · 2019 to 2024
$10.2M
NIH HHS 75N93019C00042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in the efficacy of vaccines, particularly in immunocompromised populations. Newer agents and combination strategies are needed for adequate defense against emerging pathogens and their evolving variants. Here we report the benefit of a synergistic combination of two adjuvants: a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, 1V270, and a calcium influx inducer, 2G272, that elicit Th1 and Th2 biased immune responses, respectively. In vitro,2G272 significantly enhanced cytokine production induced by 1V270 in human and mouse primary cells, compared to a low activity analog, 2E281, identified from structure-activity relationship studies. Using A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) inactivated influenza A virus (IIAV) as the antigen, the combination adjuvant (2G272 + 1V270) magnified IgG1 and IgG2a responses against hemagglutinin (HA) accompanied by greater hemagglutinin inhibition titers and increased germinal center formation in the draining lymph nodes of immunized BALB/c mice at comparable levels to FDA-approved comparators, MF59 and AS01B. The combination adjuvant also enhanced H1 HA-specific T cell responses, augmenting antigen-specific IFNγ secretion. Importantly, the 2G272 + 1V270 combined adjuvant promoted cross-reactive antibody and cellular immune responses against other HAs in phylogenic Group 1: H5, H11, and in Group 2: H3. C57BL/6 aged mice immunized with H1N1 IIAV and 2G272 + 1V270 generated significant anti-H1 IgG1 responses and IFNγ splenic T cell responses to H1 which were cross-reactive with H5 and H3. Collectively, our findings suggest that 2G272 + 1V270 may be a versatile vaccine co-adjuvant system for promoting a larger breadth of cross reactive Th1/Th2 immune responses and robust GC B cell formation, including in the elderly population.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicInfluenza VaccinesToll-Like Receptor 7AnimalsAntibodies, ViralCross ReactionsCytokinesDrug SynergismFemaleHemagglutination Inhibition TestsHumansImmunoglobulin GInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeMiceMice, Inbred BALB COrthomyxoviridae InfectionsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, ViralCytokinesImmunoglobulin GInfluenza VaccinesToll-Like Receptor 7Toll-Like Receptor Agonists

Identifiers

PMID41512501
PMCPMC13588264

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.