Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41512019›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

The major ion chemistry of seawater was closely coupled to the long-term carbon cycle during the Cenozoic.

David Evans, Yair Rosenthal, Jonathan Erez, Hagar Hauzer, Laura J Cotton, Xiaoli Zhou, Romi Nambiar, Peter Stassen, Paul N Pearson, Willem Renema and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. The major ion chemistry of seawater was closely coupled to the long-term carbon cycle during the Cenozoic.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

David EvansSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8685-671X
Yair RosenthalDepartment of Marine Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.
Jonathan ErezInstitute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
Hagar HauzerInstitute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-4992-8291
Laura J CottonNatural History Museum Denmark, Sølvgade 83, København 1307, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-6897-8692
Xiaoli ZhouSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8221-9548
Romi NambiarSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4595-2630
Peter StassenDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-2663-2781
Paul N PearsonDepartment of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BS, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4628-9818
Willem RenemaNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1627-5995
Pratul Kumar SaraswatiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.ORCID 0000-0001-9115-8951
Jonathan A ToddNatural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0433-1611
Wolfgang MüllerInstitute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5368-8011
Hagit P AffekInstitute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-4256-9521

Funding

Israel Science Foundation (ISF) 790/16NSF-BSF 2016534UKRI | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) CC073 & NE/X509345/1 & NE/B503225/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A ~fivefold decrease in the atmospheric concentration of CO

Indexed as

Cenozoic CO2foraminiferaNa/Caseawater calciumseawater chemistry

Identifiers

PMID41512019
PMCPMC12799154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.