Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41511789›Full record

ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026

Immune-Driven Expression in Inclusion Body Myositis With T-Cell Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Pannathat Soontrapa, Iago Pinal-Fernandez, Pritikanta Paul, Michael P Skolka, Margherita Milone, Min Shi, Mithun V Shah, Maria Casal-Dominguez, Katherine Pak, Andrew L Mammen and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Pannathat SoontrapaDivision of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1285-0021
Iago Pinal-FernandezMuscle Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6338-9218
Pritikanta PaulDepartment of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Michael P SkolkaDivision of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Margherita MiloneDivision of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4338-9007
Min ShiDivision of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Mithun V ShahDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Maria Casal-DominguezMuscle Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Katherine PakMuscle Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Andrew L MammenMuscle Disease Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Teerin LiewluckDivision of Neuromuscular Medicine, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0212-5697

Funding

the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesT-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL), reported in up to 58% of inclusion body myositis (IBM) patients, is a rare leukemia of cytotoxic or less commonly helper T cells. The range of myopathies in T-LGLL and the impact of coexisting T-LGLL in IBM are not well understood. Our objectives are to investigate the spectrum of myopathies in patients with T-LGLL and compare the clinical, serological, pathological, and transcriptomic features of IBM patients with and without T-LGLL.

methodsWe reviewed two Mayo Clinic cohorts: (1) T-LGLL patients evaluated for myopathies (2003-2018), and (2) IBM patients tested for T-LGLL via T-cell receptor gene rearrangement or flow cytometry (2016-2022). We also compared transcriptomic profiles of IBM muscle biopsies with and without T-LGLL.

resultsOf 447 T-LGLL patients, 13 (2.9%) had myopathies, IBM being the most common (n = 7). Of 43 IBM patients, 9 (20.9%) had T-LGLL, with 5 diagnosed prior to the onset of weakness. Clinical and pathological features were largely similar between IBM patients with and without T-LGLL, except for milder finger flexor weakness and more frequent neutropenia (55.6% vs. 0%, p < 0.001) in the T-LGLL group. However, transcriptomic analysis of muscle tissues revealed a more immunologically active profile, with upregulation of T-cell and macrophage markers, elevated levels of IFN-γ gene and IFN-γ-inducible genes, heightened cytokine activity, and enhanced immunoglobulin production in IBM patients with T-LGLL.

interpretationIBM is the most common myopathy in T-LGLL patients. While clinico-sero-pathological features were largely similar, transcriptomic differences suggest IBM with T-LGLL may represent a distinct, more immune-driven subtype.

Indexed as

Leukemia, Large Granular LymphocyticMyositis, Inclusion BodyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTranscriptomeinclusion body myositisT‐cell large granular lymphocytic leukemiatranscriptomic profiles

Identifiers

PMID41511789
PMCPMC13251438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.