Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41511684›Full record

ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2026

Developing the EuroQol toddler and infant populations (EQ-TIPS) instrument: qualitative analysis of expert views on content validity and conceptual challenges.

J Verstraete, E Bidgood, K Dalziel, N Devlin, B M Morrow, J Jelsma, S Schieskow, M Herdman

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Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Measuring health-related quality of life in infants and toddlers: conceptual challenges and proposed recommendations.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

J VerstraeteDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. janine.verstraete@uct.ac.za.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-4747
E BidgoodHealth Services and Economics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
K DalzielHealth Services and Economics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-8871
N DevlinMelbourne Health Economics, Centre for Health Policy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1561-5361
B M MorrowDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-918X
J JelsmaDivision of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
S SchieskowDepartment of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Faculty of Health Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
M HerdmanSaw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Funding

EuroQol Research Foundation 365
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe EuroQol Toddler and Infant Populations (EQ-TIPS) is an experimental generic measure of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), for which preference weights are planned. Expert consultation aimed to (a) review EQ-TIPS V2.0 wording and content, (b) discuss possible uses for the new measure and challenges with instrument development.

methodsSemi-structured online focus group consultations were conducted with three expert groups: (1) EuroQol member experts in preference-weighted questionnaire development and use, (2) paediatric health and development practitioners, and (3) paediatric HRQoL instrument developers. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.

resultsExperts thought EQ-TIPS would be useful in informing health research and clinical/economic decision-making, due to limited availability of preference-weighted measures for this age group. EQ-TIPS wording was generally considered appropriate, easy to follow and understand. Overall, the six EQ-TIPS dimensions included in version 2.0 were considered to provide an adequate representation of HRQoL in this age group. However, there was substantial agreement that sleep and emotions, not included in the version discussed, could be relevant. All groups further suggested that including dimension examples, rather than referring to ‘age-appropriate behaviour’, could enhance proxy comprehension. Experts emphasised that future iterations of the descriptive system should ensure dimensions remain relevant to children’s HRQoL, rather than measuring the impact on the proxy respondent.

conclusionOverall, content in EQ-TIPS version 2.0 was considered appropriate for the target age group, but some rewording was suggested, as well as testing of additional content to ensure adequate coverage of the construct measured. Future work should include caregivers from diverse geographical, socio-economic and cultural settings.

Indexed as

Health StatusPsychometricsQuality of LifeChild, PreschoolFemaleFocus GroupsHumansInfantMaleQualitative ResearchReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesEQ-TIPSEuroQolHealth-related quality of lifeInfantsToddlers

Identifiers

PMID41511684
PMCPMC12789245

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.