Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41511596›Full record

Observational studyAnnals of surgical oncology2026

Differences in Treatment and Survival for Secondary Triple Negative Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women.

A I Jacinto, T H M Keegan, Q Li, F B Maguire, C A M Sauder

Abstract readComparative StudyObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Annals of surgical oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

A I JacintoDepartment of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
T H M KeeganComprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Q LiCenter of Oncology and Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
F B MaguireComprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
C A M SauderDepartment of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. camsauder@health.ucdavis.edu.

Funding

UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center Support Grant P30CA093373-16
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWomen diagnosed with a secondary triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have worse overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) than women with a primary TNBC. There are currently no guidelines for treating a secondary TNBC. Therefore, we aimed to identify the treatments used for secondary TNBCs and evaluate them for associated survival differences.

methodsThis was a population-based, retrospective cohort study of premenopausal women diagnosed with a primary TNBC (N=9220) or secondary TNBC (N=682) from 2003 to 2019. We compared treatments for primary and secondary TNBC using multivariable logistic regression, with results presented as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We examined OS and BCSS for primary versus secondary TNBC with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, and results are presented as adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs.

resultsSecondary TNBCs were more commonly treated with no chemotherapy (27.3%) or a non-anthracycline (vs anthracycline)-based regimen, with taxotere + cyclophosphamide (TC, 23.8%) being most common. Women with a secondary TNBC were more likely to undergo a mastectomy (vs lumpectomy) than women with a primary TNBC (odds ratio 2.01 [95% CI 1.12-2.55]). Women with secondary (vs primary) TNBC had worse OS with no chemotherapy (HR 1.56 [95% CI 1.09-2.23]) and TC (HR 1.69 [95% CI 1.12-2.55]), but no significant differences in BCSS were seen with treatment type.

conclusionSome differences in treatments used for secondary TNBC may be associated with worse OS, but patients still experienced worse BCSS despite similar treatments. Our findings suggest that more aggressive treatment or consideration for chemotherapy at earlier stage disease is warranted.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBreast NeoplasmsMastectomyTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsAdolescentAdultCaliforniaFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMiddle AgedOdds RatioPremenopauseProportional Hazards ModelsRegistriesRetrospective StudiesPremenopausal breast cancerSecondary cancerSurvivalTreatmentsTriple negative breast cancer

Identifiers

PMID41511596

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.