Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41511525›Full record

ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2026

Early childhood PTSD and its correlates: a population-based study from Brazil.

Daniel Zandoná-Santos, Marcos V V Ribeiro, Marcelo F Melo, Thiago M Fidalgo, Zila M Sanchez, Maria Conceição Rosário, Pamela J Surkan, Silvia S Martins, Sheila C Caetano

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Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Daniel Zandoná-SantosUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcos V V RibeiroUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcelo F MeloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Thiago M FidalgoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Zila M SanchezUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maria Conceição RosárioUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Pamela J SurkanJohns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.
Silvia S MartinsColumbia University, New York, United States.
Sheila C CaetanoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. sheila.caetano@unifesp.br.

Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico 466688/2014-8Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2016/10120-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in preschoolers is increasingly recognized, yet population-based studies remain scarce, especially in contexts of high urban violence and social vulnerability. We conducted the Brazilian Preschool Mental Health Study in Embu das Artes, a high-risk urban area, enrolling 1,292 children from public preschools and their caregivers. Standardized face-to-face interviews assessed PTSD symptoms (YCPS for children, PCL-C for parents), socioemotional development (ASQ: SE-2), and sociodemographic variables. Associations were examined using logistic regression models. The prevalence of PTSD symptomatology was 3.8% in children and 3.1% in caregivers. Preschoolers' PTSD symptomatology was strongly associated with parental PTSD symptomatology (aOR = 12.20; 95% CI: 8.50-17.52), impaired socioemotional development (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.62-3.26), and higher socioeconomic status (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.35-2.51). Affiliation with Protestant religion showed a protective effect (aOR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.94). PTSD symptomatology is a significant mental health concern in preschoolers exposed to chronic violence. Its strong association with parental PTSD symptomatology supports intergenerational trauma hypotheses. Findings underscore the urgent need for early identification and intervention strategies targeting both preschoolers and caregiver mental health in vulnerable settings.

Indexed as

ParentsStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticBrazilChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsChild developmentExposure to violenceLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs)Parental PTSDPost-traumatic stress disorderPreschool PTSDSocioemotional development

Identifiers

PMID41511525

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