Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41511492›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Timing With Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in UK Biobank and Prevalent Glycemic Measures in NHANES.

Qiuyu Feng, Gali Albalak, Linjun Ao, Qian Xiao, Heming Wang, Jeroen H P M van der Velde, Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong, Martin K Rutter, Charles E Matthews, Joshua R Freeman and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Qiuyu FengDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-0710-4905
Gali AlbalakSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Linjun AoDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Qian XiaoDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
Heming WangDivision of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Neurology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Jeroen H P M van der VeldeDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Jessica C Kiefte-de JongHealth Campus the Hague/Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden/The Hague, the Netherlands.
Martin K RutterDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
Charles E MatthewsMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Joshua R FreemanMetabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Ko Willems van DijkDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Diana van HeemstSection of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Raymond NoordamDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Funding

China Scholarship Counsil 202306240049Dutch Diabetes foundation Breakthrough 2018.11.160Dutch Research CouncilNetherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) Partnership Diabetes 459001010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe assessed the association between timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glycemic measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsRegression models were used to assess associations between accelerometer-derived MVPA timing and incident T2D in UK Biobank (UKB) (n = 84,528, prospective), prevalent diabetes, and glycemic measures in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 6,998, cross-sectional).

resultsIn UKB, with early morning (0500-0959) MVPA as reference and before adjustment for total MVPA, "variable-timing" MVPA was associated with the lowest incident T2D risk; while after adjustment, afternoon-evening MVPA (1500-2400) showed the lowest incident T2D risk. In NHANES, afternoon/early evening MVPA was weakly associated with more favorable glycemic measures and lower diabetes prevalence after adjustment for total MVPA.

conclusionsWhen keeping total MVPA volume constant, clustering MVPA in the afternoon-evening was associated with the strongest reduction in incident T2D risk, fewer prevalent diabetes, and more favorable glycemic measures.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2ExerciseAccelerometryAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysUK BiobankUnited KingdomBlood Glucose

Identifiers

PMID41511492
PMCPMC12925989

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.