ReviewPhysiological research2025
The Novel Functions of M4 Muscarinic Receptors.
Review in Physiological research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The role of M4 muscarinic receptors in locomotor activity regulation remains controversial, with conflicting findings hampering our understanding of movement disorders. This uncertainty is further complicated by the unexplored relationship between M4 receptors and biological rhythms, as well as potential sex-specific effects that may explain previous inconsistent results. Through systematic investigation of locomotor functions in biological rhythm paradigms, we discovered that M4 muscarinic receptors significantly modulate locomotor activity rhythms via brain pacemaker mechanisms. Notably, this regulatory effect displayed marked sexual dimorphism, being present exclusively in females, suggesting crucial interactions with sex hormones. Our research identified the striatum as the key structure directing these locomotor biological rhythms. These findings provide critical insights into the sex-specific nature of M4 receptor function and establish a new framework for understanding hyperactivity disorders, particularly those exhibiting sex-based differences in prevalence or manifestation. Key words M4 muscarinic receptors " M1 muscarinic receptors " Biological rhythm " Locomotor activity " Striatum.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41511095PMC12849231What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.