Trial reportClinical and experimental dental research2026
Orthodontic Visits According to Socioeconomic Status Among Children Living in the City of Kuopio, Finland: The PANIC Study.
Trial report in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01803776 (The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Orthodontic Visits According to Socioeconomic Status Among Children Living in the City of Kuopio, Finland: The PANIC Study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine whether the parental socioeconomic status of children was related to the number of orthodontic visits or orthodontic care from birth to adolescence. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe analyses are based on data from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study in a population sample of 504 children aged 7-9 years at baseline in 2007-2009. Parental education and household income at baseline were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic status. The number of orthodontic visits from birth to the age of 16 years was obtained from local healthcare registers.
resultsOn average, the participants had 16.1 (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) orthodontic visits during the follow-up period of 15.9 (SD 0.72) years. Of the participants, 58% had received orthodontic care, defined as at least six orthodontic visits including at least one orthodontic procedure and not just screening visits, and they had, on average, 25.8 (SD 14.1) orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Neither parental education nor household income was associated with the number of orthodontic visits or receiving orthodontic care during the follow-up. For instance, compared to low parental education and income groups, high education (-2.86; 95% confidence interval: -6.75; 1.03) and income groups (-0.08; 95% confidence interval: -4.66; 4.51) did not have considerably different numbers of orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Among children from families with lower parental education who received orthodontic care, boys had, on average, 21 visits (95% confidence interval: 16; 26) and girls had 31 visits (95% confidence interval: 25; 36).
conclusionsParental socioeconomic status did not seem to affect the number of orthodontic visits or the receipt of orthodontic care among children living in the city of Kuopio, Finland. CLINICAL
trial registrationThe Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study (PANIC) was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01803776.
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