Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41510262›Full record

ArticleResearch square2025

PD-1 regulates CD4

Arrienne B Butic, Elia Afanasiev, Samantha A Spencer, Mofida Abdelmageed, Anirban Paul, Kalynn M Alexander, Katelyn N Ayers, Todd D Schell, Matthew D Lauver, Ge Jin and 5 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Arrienne B ButicDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Elia AfanasievDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Samantha A SpencerDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Mofida AbdelmageedDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Anirban PaulDepartment of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Kalynn M AlexanderDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-5744
Katelyn N AyersDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Todd D SchellDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Matthew D LauverDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-9730
Ge JinDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Samantha M BorysDivision of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-131X
Laurent BrossayDivision of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7497-8488
Jo Anne A StrattonDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-1353
Vonn WalterDepartment of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6114-6714
Aron E LukacherDepartment of Cell and Biological Systems, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7969-2841

Funding

NK T Cell Interactions with NK Cells During Viral InfectionR01AI046709 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI BROSSAY, LAURENT · 2001 to 2022
$8.0M
Deciphering Early Stages of Polyomavirus CNS Pathogenesis and ImmunityR35NS127217 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI Aron Eliot Lukacher · 2022 to 2026
$4.4M
Immune response to MCMV infection in the salivary glandsR01AI173163 · NIAID · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI Laurent Brossay · 2023 to 2026
$3.2M
Cell-type specific risk and resilience in Alzheimer’s disease and agingRF1AG072602 · NIA · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI PAUL, ANIRBAN · 2021 to 2021
$2.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI046709NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI173163NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG072602NINDS NIH HHS R35 NS127217
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by T cells during progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a life-threatening brain disease caused by the human-only JC polyomavirus. Why PD-1 blockade finds variable success in PML patients is unclear. Brain CD4

Identifiers

PMID41510262
PMCPMC12776484

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.