ReviewJAC-antimicrobial resistance2026
A systematic review of antimicrobial stewardship practices and challenges in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) regulated retail medicine settings.
Review in JAC-antimicrobial resistance, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strengthening Antimicrobial Stewardship in Nigeria: Qualitative and Quantitative Insights into Barriers, Enablers, and Implementation Strategies (2015-2025).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Building behaviour change systems for antimicrobial resistance response in Nigeria by leveraging insights from mass gatherings awareness efforts (2017-2023).Mass gathering medicine (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Article
- Burden, clinical impact, and primary antimicrobial resistance profiles of Helicobacter pylori infections in Cameroon: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: This systematic review examined the practices and challenges of implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) regulated retail medicine settings. Methods: We searched studies published between January 1, 2010, and July 30, 2024, from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Central, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, and Wiley Online Library. We also reviewed reference lists of studies included in the review. The included studies were quality-assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool, with data analysed thematically. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration number CRD42023381320. Results: Of the 2555 screened studies, 26 met the inclusion criteria; eight qualitative, 16 quantitative and two mixed methods. Community pharmacists, accredited drug dispensers, and patent medicine vendors were reported to be aware of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and AMS. Across studies with extractable numeric data ( Conclusion: Our study revealed limited data on AMS implementation in SSA-regulated retail medicine settings. Despite self-reported awareness of AMR, AMS efforts are hindered by systemic challenges such as economic constraints, weak regulatory enforcement, and systemic barriers. Strengthening regulations, public awareness, and multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical to improving AMS in SSA retail medicine settings.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.