Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41509994›Full record

ArticleDialogues in health2026

Determinants of COVID-19 prevalence in Central Java, Indonesia: An ecological study of socio-demographic, environmental, and healthcare factors.

Iqbal Ardiansyah, Agus Subagiyo, Arif Widyanto, Army Mitasari

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Dialogues in health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Iqbal ArdiansyahDepartment of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Banyumas, Central Java, 53151, Indonesia.
Agus SubagiyoDepartment of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Banyumas, Central Java, 53151, Indonesia.
Arif WidyantoDepartment of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Banyumas, Central Java, 53151, Indonesia.
Army MitasariEnvironmental Health Student Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Central Java, Indonesia, experienced a 40.9 % COVID-19 positivity rate in 2022, exceeding the WHO benchmark. This study examines the association between changes in sociodemographic, environmental, and healthcare factors and the rise in COVID-19 prevalence, focusing on regional disparities across Central Java. Variables from public datasets were chosen based on the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) framework. Data analysis begins with variable identification via Pearson correlation, followed by an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression employing Stepwise Backward Elimination, and subsequent assumption tests including Jarque-Bera, Breusch-Pagan, Moran's I, and multicollinearity checks. Upon identifying spatial autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to address spatial heterogeneity. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) analysis identified Change in tourist arrival ratio per population, environmental health workforce ratio per land area, and community healthcare workforce ratio per land area as associated factors with change in COVID-19 prevalence. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, with a higher R

Indexed as

Coronavirus disease 2019Geospatial analysisLocalizedPandemicRisk factor

Identifiers

PMID41509994
PMCPMC12774727

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.