ArticleJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)2025
L1 vertebral body replacement using 3D-printed polylactic acid bioimplants:
Article in Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Anatomical and biological reconstruction of traumatic complete burst fractures of the thoracolumbar vertebrae using pedicle fixation combined with stent-armed kyphoplasty and intracorporeal bone grafting: technique rationale, 7-year experience and clinical, imaging, and histological outcomes.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The vertebral body plays a crucial role in supporting compressive loads and maintaining spinal biomechanics. An ideal biomaterial for total vertebral body replacement should combine biological and mechanical properties, yet no current material fulfills all criteria. This pilot study explores the use of a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous polylactic acid (PLA) implant for total L1 vertebral body replacement. Methods: This study had four stages: first, design, optimization, and 3D printing of the PLA device; second, in vitro evaluation of biocompatibility and cell growth using indirect cytotoxicity assay, direct cell viability assay, and cytochemical analysis via confocal microscopy; third, in vivo testing in 35 Wistar rats that underwent anterior retroperitoneal abdominal access for total L1 replacement with the PLA device; and finally, sequential histological analysis to assess osseointegration at 2, 4, and 6 months post-implantation. A pixel-based algorithm quantified proportions of PLA material, inflammatory and granulation tissue, fibroblastic and cartilaginous tissue, immature woven bone, and mature trabecular bone. The PLA-posterior wall interface was also examined for continuity and bone bridging. Results: The PLA device had a parallelepiped shape with pore sizes from 150 to 500 µm, confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro tests showed no cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility, with successful growth of pre-osteoblasts on both irradiated and non-irradiated PLA. Conclusions: This pilot study shows promising
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