ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Acute Respiratory Infections Due to Antibiotic-nonsusceptible
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antibiotic non-susceptibility associated serotypes of invasive pneumococcal disease - a nationwide population study from Switzerland, 2012-2022.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Article
- Burden of clinical syndromes associated with pneumococcal disease in Mexico: a retrospective analysis for 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
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6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: We aimed to estimate the burden of antibiotic-nonsusceptible nonbacteremic pneumonia and sinusitis due to Methods: We estimated antibiotic-nonsusceptible pneumococcal sinusitis and nonbacteremic pneumonia incidence as products of pneumococcal pneumonia and sinusitis incidence rates, serotype distribution, and serotype-specific antimicrobial nonsusceptibility prevalences from 2016 through 2019. Nonsusceptibility was considered by antibiotic class and guideline-recommended agents. We estimated pneumonia and sinusitis incidence rates from national surveys and administrative datasets and derived pneumococcal-attributable percents and serotype distributions from published data. Serotype-specific nonsusceptibility estimates were from Active Bacterial Core surveillance data. We evaluated nonsusceptibility for all serotypes and those targeted by 15-, 20-, and 21-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15/20/21). Results: An estimated 16.4% (95% confidence interval, 12.8-21.4) of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and 19.0% (14.8-24.9%) of sinusitis cases were nonsusceptible to ≥ 3 antibiotic classes, translating to 243 521 (179 673-333 675) and 1 844 726 (1 070 763-2 904 089) outpatient visits for pneumonia and sinusitis, respectively, and 10 155 (7542-13 803) pneumonia hospitalizations annually. An estimated 31.2% (26.6%-36.3%) of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and 10.5% (9.4%-12.0%) of pneumococcal sinusitis cases were nonsusceptible to ≥ 1 outpatient first-line antibiotic agent. Cases attributable to serotypes targeted by PCV15, PCV20, and PCV21 that were nonsusceptible to ≥3 antibiotic classes accounted for 7.4% (4.7%-11.1%), 8.5% (5.8-12.1%), and 12.6% (9.2-17.5%) of nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and 8.4% (5.3-12.5%), 9.4% (6.2-13.4), and 14.4% (10.4-20.0%) of pneumococcal sinusitis. Conclusions: We estimated high proportions of antibiotic-nonsusceptibility in nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and sinusitis in US adults. Use of PCVs and antibiotic stewardship may mitigate the burden of antibiotic-nonsusceptible pneumococcal disease.
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