Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41509061›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs scholar2026

Few clinicians provide a wide range of contraceptive methods to Medicaid beneficiaries.

Julia Strasser, Taylor Gorak, Sara Luckenbill, Yoon Hong Park, Qian Luo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs scholar, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Julia StrasserFitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8383-8682
Taylor GorakFitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7137-7239
Sara LuckenbillFitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2246
Yoon Hong ParkFitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-5041
Qian LuoFitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-9727

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Access to contraception services is an essential component of reproductive autonomy; however, low-income individuals frequently face barriers to care, including a shortage of providers who both accept Medicaid and offer contraception services. Methods: We used 2021 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Prescription and Other Service files to identify clinicians who provided contraception (prescription, implant, and/or intrauterine device (IUD)) to Medicaid beneficiaries. Results: We identified 523 077 primary care and women's health specialty clinicians (obstetrician-gynecologists, family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and midwives) who provided care to reproductive aged (15-44 years) female Medicaid beneficiaries for any service; of these, only 181 019 (34.6%) provided at least one contraception method to Medicaid beneficiaries and even fewer 20 160 (3.9%) provided prescriptions (pill, patch, and/or ring), IUDs, and implants. Over half (54%) of US counties had greater or equal numbers of advanced practice clinicians-nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and midwives-prescribing contraception compared with physicians. Conclusion: Few clinicians provided a wide range of contraception to Medicaid beneficiaries. Advanced practice clinicians are important providers in counties with limited access to physicians. Documenting workforce variation for contraception care has important implications for access, especially as recent policy changes may make contraception less accessible for Medicaid beneficiaries.

Indexed as

contraceptionMedicaidworkforce

Identifiers

PMID41509061
PMCPMC12778328

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.