Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41508869›Full record

ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2026

Optimisation of Backing Layer Formulations via Rational Polymer Selection to Improve the Insertion of Dissolving Microneedles Into Skin.

Fiona Smith, Benjamin Fiedler, Khaled Elkassas, Ruslan Mohamed, Karmen Cheung, Mischa Zelzer, Abina Crean, Faz Chowdhury, Joel Segal, Frankie Rawson and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fiona SmithSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Benjamin FiedlerSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Khaled ElkassasSchool of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Republic of Ireland.
Ruslan MohamedSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Karmen CheungAdvanced Technology Centre, Nemaura Pharma Limited, Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3QF, United Kingdom.
Mischa ZelzerSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Abina CreanSchool of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork T12 YT20, Republic of Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-6171-0303
Faz ChowdhuryAdvanced Technology Centre, Nemaura Pharma Limited, Oakwood Drive, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3QF, United Kingdom.
Joel SegalDepartment of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom.
Frankie RawsonSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4872-8928
Maria MarlowSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0333-5290

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dissolving microneedles (MNs) hold promise as a versatile drug delivery platform, particularly suited to the delivery of complex molecules across the skin. Dissolving MNs are commonly manufactured using an accessible and reproducible two-step casting process. The selection of different polymers for both the needle and backing layer increases the adaptability of this platform. Previously, work has focused on the needle layer formulation and how the formulation will affect drug delivery. Less well understood is the role of the backing layer on insertion and, subsequently, drug delivery. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate changes to the backing layer formulation on MN insertion and understand the relationships between material properties. The needle layer was formulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone-

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsPolymersSkinAdministration, CutaneousAnimalsCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumChemistry, PharmaceuticalInsulinMicroneedle Drug DeliveryNeedlesPolystyrenesPolyvinyl AlcoholPovidoneSkin AbsorptionCarboxymethylcellulose SodiumInsulinPolymersPolystyrenesPolyvinyl AlcoholPovidonebacking layerinsertion efficiencymaterial propertiesmicroneedlesskin

Identifiers

PMID41508869
PMCPMC12869474

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.