ReviewImmunological reviews2026
Sex Differences in Asthma Pathogenesis.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying predictor factors for asthma using machine learning: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Asthma Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Grand challenges in sex differences in immunology: problems the field must solve before biological sex can guide clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is a sex difference in asthma prevalence and asthma-related morbidity that changes from childhood into different reproductive stages of life. The impact of sex hormone signaling on asthma pathogenesis has been partially elucidated using large cohort human studies, human cells, and animal models. Androgens decreased airway inflammation by reducing type 2 inflammation and eosinophil infiltration as well as reducing neutrophil-induced airway inflammation in animal models. Estrogen signaling through ER-α increased IL-33 production, an alarmin produced by airway epithelial cells that increases type 2 inflammation and increased Th17 cell-mediated neutrophilic inflammation. Additional studies are needed to determine what happens to asthma control and asthma-induced inflammation in women during pregnancy and menopause as well as how sex differences in immune cell development and airway inflammation affect asthma incidence and onset during childhood. Collectively, understanding that sex differences in asthma risk and control exist throughout life is important to personalize therapies for males and females with asthma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.