ArticleBMC psychology2026
Exploring the parallel mediating roles of self-regulation, motivation, and self-efficacy in the relationship between shame and growth mindset.
Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundShame, a self-conscious emotion strongly shaped by face concern in collectivist cultures, can undermine essential psychological processes in second language learning. This study examines how shame influences growth mindset indirectly through three key mediators: motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulation.
methodsA total of 817 Chinese university students completed validated questionnaires measuring shame, motivation, self-efficacy, self-regulation, and growth mindset. Data were analyzed using correlational analyses and mediation models with bootstrapping.
resultsShame was not significantly associated with growth mindset. However, it indirectly related to the development of a growth mindset by lowering motivation, reducing self-efficacy, and impairing self-regulation.
conclusionThese findings highlight the pathways through which shame erodes growth-oriented beliefs, underscoring the need for culturally responsive teaching strategies that strengthen students' psychological resilience and reframe mistakes as opportunities for learning.
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