ArticleBMC nursing2026
Prediction of moral blindness based on moral orientation and sensitivity among critical care nurses: a cross-sectional study in Iran.
Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFailure to recognize and accurately assess an ethical situation, or the inability to make sound clinical judgments, results in a phenomenon known as moral blindness, in which nurses are unable to make appropriate ethical decisions. Identifying and applying predictive factors of moral blindness can provide a foundation for mitigating and managing its adverse effects in the demanding environment of critical care units, thereby promoting a safer and more ethical environment for both patients and nursing staff.
objectivePerdition of moral blindness based on moral orientation and moral sensitivity among critical care nurses in educational and medical centers.
methodsThis research employed a cross-sectional correlational design. Sampling was conducted using the census method among 330 critical care nurses working in educational and medical centers in Ardabil, northwestern Iran, from December 2024 to April 2025. Finally, a total of 320 participants returned the questionnaire. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire and instruments measuring moral blindness, moral sensitivity, and moral orientation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive and inferential statistics (i.e., t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analyses) were applied, with the significance level set at 0.05.
resultsThe mean moral blindness score of critical care nurses was 28.52, with a standard deviation of 14.28. Several factors in the hierarchical regression predicted moral blindness among critical care nurses, including work experience (B = -0.582, p < 0.001), ability to communicate effectively (B=-0.133, p = 0.001), age (B=-0.126, p = 0.005), idealism (B=-0.143, p < 0.001), and relativism (B = 0.123, p = 0.004).
conclusionGiven that moral blindness can be partially predicted by different dimensions of moral sensitivity and moral orientation, we recommend designing educational models, clinical and management interventions, and ethical process improvements for stressful critical care environments. These initiatives should focus on strengthening moral sensitivity, communication skills, and idealism to effectively reduce moral blindness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.