ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Severe leptospirosis in the intensive care unit: single centre prospective cohort study from Sri Lanka.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSevere leptospirosis often requires intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The clinical phenotypes and outcomes of severe leptospirosis remain poorly characterised. We aimed to characterise the phenotypes and outcomes of patients with severe leptospirosis treated in the ICU.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at the Medical ICU of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka between January 2019 and January 2022 on adult patients with serologically or microbiologically confirmed leptospirosis. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded prospectively. Unsupervised two-step cluster analysis using six variables selected a priori (acute kidney injury, pulmonary haemorrhage, myocarditis, mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, and hospital-acquired infections) was used to identify clinical phenotypes and to generate phenotypically distinct clusters of patients. Laboratory and biochemical parameters were compared across clusters. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to compare mortality. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.
resultsOne hundred and sixteen patients were included (mean age 43.9 years; males n = 103, 88.8%). Among them, 99.1% (n = 115) developed acute kidney injury, 62.1% (n = 72) developed pulmonary haemorrhage, and 75.9% (n = 88) developed myocarditis. Mechanical ventilation and dialysis were required in 56.9% (n = 66) and 75% (n = 87), respectively. Mortality rate was 17.2% (n = 20). Cluster analysis identified four phenotypes: (1) multi-organ failure (n = 43) (mortality of 25.6%, n = 11), (2) predominant respiratory failure (n = 20) (mortality of 35.0%, n = 7), (3) predominant renal failure (n = 26) (mortality of 7.7%, n = 2), and (4) intermediate severity (n = 27) (No mortality). Clusters with multi-organ and respiratory failure had higher hospital-acquired infection rates (p < 0.001) and a longer ICU stay (p < 0.001).
conclusionsCritically ill patients with leptospirosis exhibit distinct clinical phenotypes with variable outcomes. Isolated pulmonary haemorrhage and multi-organ failure are associated with high mortality. These findings support the need for phenotype-based risk stratification, prognostication, and treatment. CLINICAL
trial registrationNot applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.