ArticleThe AAPS journal2026
Virtual Twin-PBPK Modelling: A Step Toward Precision Dosing in Patients with Obesity.
Article in The AAPS journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Application of Virtual Twin PBPK Models in Individuals with Obesity via CYP3A4 Phenotyping Using Endogenous Biomarker Data.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- A Review of Virtual Twins in Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Model-Based Virtual Clinical Trial Reveals Renal Impairment and Body Size as Key Determinants of Pharmacokinetic Variability and Drug-Drug Interaction Risk in Propranolol Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity significantly alters drug disposition and contributes to large inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetics (PK). The virtual-twin concept is increasingly used to support model-informed precision dosing in specific populations. In this study, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models linked with virtual twins (VT-PBPK) have been developed and applied to predict the PK of midazolam and digoxin in patients with obesity (n = 15) and severe obesity (n = 22). The first step of the individualization included basic demographic data with lean liver volume. In the second step, individual serum creatinine, albumin, and hepatic CYP3A4/5, UGT1A4 and P-gp abundance quantified from liver biopsies in the same individuals, were integrated within models. Substrate specific improvements were presented via the stepwise individualization. The final (Step 2) VT-PBPK models predicted midazolam AUC
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Identifiers
41507668What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.