Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41507614›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2026

Metabolic syndrome in Australia: nationwide survey results by remoteness and Indigenous status, 2012-2019.

Utpal K Mondal, M Mamun Huda, Anayochukwu E Anyasodor, Sok Cheon Pak, Bernd H Kalinna, Feleke H Astawesegn, Subash Thapa, Kedir Y Ahmed, Setognal B Aychiluhm, Shakeel Mahmood and 3 more

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Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Utpal K MondalRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7579-6678
M Mamun HudaSchool of Rural Medicine, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Anayochukwu E AnyasodorRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Sok Cheon PakSchool of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia.
Bernd H KalinnaRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Feleke H AstawesegnRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Subash ThapaRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Kedir Y AhmedRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Setognal B AychiluhmRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Shakeel MahmoodRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Md Ferdous RahmanRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Muhammad J A ShiddikyRural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
Allen G RossCollege of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. a.ross@ajman.ac.ae.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn Australia, the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) presents a significant public health challenge. However, research on geographic and ethnic disparities remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and temporal trends of MetS by geographic remoteness and between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

methodsWe analysed data from 44,760 adults (aged ≥18 years) derived from the National Health Survey (2014-2015 and 2017-2018) and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey (2012-2013 and 2018-2019). Weighted prevalence estimates of MetS were calculated overall and stratified by remoteness. The Average Annual Rate of Change (AARC) in MetS prevalence was computed to assess temporal trends.

resultsMetS prevalence varied notably by remoteness and ethnicity. In the most recent surveys, 7.1% (95% CI: 6.19-8.19) of Indigenous adults (2018-2019) and 4.6% (95% CI: 4.23-4.99) of non-Indigenous adults (2017-2018) had MetS. Prevalence was higher in remote areas for both groups. Among non-Indigenous adults, MetS declined across most regions but increased in remote areas from 4.5% to 7.1% (AARC: +15.77%), while among Indigenous adults it remained stable in remote areas but rose in major cities and regional settings. Central obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were the most prominent contributors to MetS among Indigenous adults, whereas hypertension and high cholesterol were more prevalent among non-Indigenous adults in regional areas. Central obesity was the most common MetS risk factor, affecting 57.4% (95% CI: 55.14-59.63) of Indigenous and 40.9% (95% CI: 39.90-41.85) of non-Indigenous adults. High cholesterol was the least common risk factor among Indigenous adults (7.6% [95% CI: 6.58-8.67]), whereas elevated blood sugar was the least common among non-Indigenous adults (4.8% [95% CI: 4.44-5.21]).

conclusionsSubstantial disparities in MetS exist across Australia, disproportionately affecting Indigenous Australians and residents of remote areas. Culturally tailored, region-specific interventions targeting obesity are urgently needed through Local Health Districts and Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations.

Indexed as

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander PeoplesMetabolic SyndromeAdolescentAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsRural PopulationYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41507614
PMCPMC13056578

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