ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2026
Anatomical variations and clinical significance of interconnections between flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons in Chinese population.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTendons of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitalis longus (FDL) are used in reconstructive foot surgery in general and have important clinical significance. These tendons intersect at the plantar surface and exhibit different interconnections, complicating the tendon acquisition process. The aim of this study was to establish a comprehensive understanding of these interconnections through an improved classification system and to identify anatomical characteristics based on the data.
methods100 embalmed feet were dissected to observe plantar cross-linking sites. The improved classification system was used to classify the interconnections and the relevant data of the interconnections were measured.
resultsFour types of interconnections between the FHL and FDL tendons were classified. Type Ⅰ, a proximal to distal interconnection of the FHL to the FDL was observed in 92 cases; Type Ⅱ, a proximal to distal interconnection of the FHL to the FDL, accompanied by an additional proximal-to-distal interconnection from the FDL to the FHL, was noted in 4 cases; Type Ⅲ, two parallel proximal to distal interconnections of FHL to FDL were detected in 3 cases; Type Ⅳ, a thin fascial interconnection rather than a fibrous one between the FHL and the FDL was found in 1 case. The mean length and width of the interconnections were (16.59 ± 4.93) mm and (2.91 ± 0.77) mm respectively.
conclusionIn the present study, the classification of the FHL to FDL interconnection serves as a complement to the existing body of literature. Knowledge of the anatomical variations in these interconnections is critical to preserve the blood vessels and nerves during foot reconstructions.
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