Observational studyAesthetic plastic surgery2026
Redefining Labiaplasty: New Anatomical Classification and Innovative Treatment Algorithm for Vulvar Aging.
Observational study in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLabiaplasty has emerged as a widely accepted procedure for addressing both aesthetic and functional concerns of the female external genitalia. However, the heterogeneity of vulvar aging patterns presents a challenge for standardized surgical planning. To address this, we developed a novel six-type clinical classification of vulvar aging aimed at guiding individualized surgical strategies.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter observational study over an eight-year period (2016-2024) across two private aesthetic surgery centers in Italy. A total of 142 patients presenting with vulvar complaints underwent clinical evaluation, photographic documentation, and surgical intervention. Of these, 14 were excluded due to incomplete follow-up or documentation, leaving 128 patients for final analysis. Patients were classified into one of six clinical types based on labial morphology, including hypertrophy, hypotrophy, and tissue laxity. Surgical techniques were selected according to classification type and included established and customized procedures.
resultsType 1 (isolated labia minora hypertrophy) was the most common presentation (32.8%), followed by Type 2 (labia majora hypotrophy, 21.9%) and Type 3 (combined hypotrophy and hypertrophy, 17.2%). Tailored surgical approaches-ranging from resection and lifting to volumization-were applied. The overall satisfaction rate was 91.4%, with complication rates remaining low (7.8%), including minor wound dehiscence, transient edema, and fat graft resorption. Functional improvements and enhanced body confidence were reported in over 80% of sexually active patients.
conclusionsThis study introduces a new clinical classification of vulvar aging that enables precise, anatomy-based surgical planning in labiaplasty. The system proved practical, reproducible, and closely aligned with patient-reported outcomes. Its implementation may standardize future research and improve the personalization of vulvar aesthetic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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