ArticleScientific reports2026
Photodegradation of ciprofloxacin by tannin-barium titanate catalysts and evaluation via artificial neural network modeling approaches.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The visible-light-driven removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) remains a challenge due to its persistence and contribution to antibiotic resistance. In this study, tannin-modified barium titanate (BaTiO₃) composites were synthesized using three different tannin forms (formaldehyde tannin, calcined tannin, and calcined formaldehyde tannin) to enhance photocatalytic performance. UV-DRS analysis confirmed that tannin modification effectively reduced the band gap of BaTiO₃ from ~ 3.4 eV to 3.15 eV (FTB) and ~ 2.6 eV (C-TB and C-FTB), enabling efficient visible-light activity. Under optimal operating conditions (pH 3, 5 ppm CIP, 20 mg catalyst), formaldehyde tannin-modified BaTiO₃ (FTB) achieved a maximum degradation efficiency of ~ 95% within 180 min. Kinetic evaluation showed that CIP degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics (k
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