ArticleScientific reports2026
GIS-entropy based appraisal of groundwater quality, health hazards, and irrigation potential in the Samalpatti-Sevathur carbonatite terrains, South India.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
Groundwater pollution is an emerging universal issue. This study evaluates groundwater suitability for drinking and irrigation in Samalpatti-Sevathur carbonatite complexes, focusing on Fluoride (F⁻), and Nitrate (NO₃⁻) contamination and associated health risks. Seventy-five groundwater samples were collected in February 2025 and analyzed. F⁻ concentration in groundwater ranged 0.18-4.6 mg/L, and NO₃⁻ ranged 4.99-182.55 mg/L. Only 33.3% of F⁻ and 57.7% of NO₃⁻ samples met standards, with 37.3% samples deemed potable by Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI). Ca²⁺ reflects a negative correlation with F⁻ and positive with NO₃⁻, indicating geogenic F⁻ from mineral dissolution and anthropogenic NO₃⁻ input, supported by Ca-HCO₃ facies and Gibbs rock dominance evidence. Irrigation indices, including SAR, EC, Na%, KR, RSC, and PI, along with interpretative plots like Wilcox, Doneen, and USSL diagrams, indicated that most of the samples were appropriate for irrigation. However, MHR revealed 78.7% of samples unsuitable due to high Mg²⁺ over Ca²⁺, reflecting geology and potentially impacting long-term soil quality and crop productivity. Health risk analysis shows children are more vulnerable to NO₃⁻ and F⁻ than adults. The study underscores health risks from NO₃⁻ and F⁻, advocating community awareness and sustainable groundwater management to protect health, support livelihoods, and achieve Sustainable Development Goal 6.
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