Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41506919›Full record

ArticleNutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD2026

Longitudinal associations between fast food outlet count and inflammatory markers in the US-based nurses' health study II between 1998 and 2011.

Noreen Z Siddiqui, Joline W J Beulens, Jaime E Hart, Jochem O Klompmaker, Joreintje D Mackenbach, Maria G M Pinho, Eric B Rimm, Peter James

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Article in Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Noreen Z SiddiquiAmsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: n.z.siddiqui@amsterdamumc.nl.
Joline W J BeulensAmsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jaime E HartDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jochem O KlompmakerDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Joreintje D MackenbachAmsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health, Health Behaviors and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Maria G M PinhoUpstream Team, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Eric B RimmChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Peter JamesDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Funding

Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenU01CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2018 to 2025
$22.4M
Integrating lifecourse approaches, biologic and digital phenotypes in support of heart and lung disease epidemiologic researchU01HL145386 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI CHAVARRO, JORGE EDUARDO, MANSON, JOANN ELISABETH · 2019 to 2025
$17.8M
Premonopausal Hormone Levels and Risk of Breast CancerR01CA067262 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI HANKINSON, SUSAN E · 2002 to 2011
$11.9M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA067262NCI NIH HHS U01 CA176726NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL145386
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsInflammation is an established cardiovascular disease risk factor, but its role in the link between food environments and cardiovascular risk remains unexplored. We aimed to study longitudinal associations between residential fast food outlets (FFOs) and inflammatory markers in US females from the Nurses' Health Study II with stored blood and residential addresses. METHODS AND

resultsWe counted FFOs within 1500-m buffers around each address in 1998 and 2010. In samples collected at two time points (1999, 2011), we measured C-reactive protein (CRP, N = 1350), Interleukin-6 (IL-6, N = 809), and adiponectin (N = 836). We performed multivariable linear regression with repeated measures to study changes in FFOs and inflammatory markers and multivariable linear regression analyses to study FFOs count in 1998 and changes in inflammatory markers between 1999 and 2011. Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, partners' education, smoking, neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), and population density. We explored effect modification by nSES and population density. No associations were observed in linear mixed models (e.g., CRP (β: 0.00, 95 %CI: 0.01,0.01) or in linear models including changes in inflammatory outcomes (e.g., CRP (β:0.00, 95 %CI: 0.01, 0.02). We also observed no effect modification for nSES or population density.

conclusionIn conclusion, we found no evidence for longitudinal associations between FFOs count and inflammatory markers in this study.

Indexed as

Fast FoodsInflammationInflammation MediatorsNursesAdiponectinAdultBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinFemaleHumansInterleukin-6Longitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedProspective StudiesResidence CharacteristicsRisk AssessmentAdiponectinADIPOQ protein, humanBiomarkersC-Reactive ProteinIL6 protein, humanInflammation MediatorsInterleukin-6Cardiometabolic health outcomesFast food outletsFood environmentInflammation

Identifiers

PMID41506919
PMCPMC13415390

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