Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41506449›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2026

Spatial heterogeneity of viral communities across the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants.

Shizhe Zhang, Qiushuang Li, Yongyi Peng, Jiabin Huo, Tao Ran, Xiumin Zhang, Rong Wang, Jinzhen Jiao, Aoyu Jiang, Guowang Luo and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Shizhe ZhangState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Qiushuang LiState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Yongyi PengKey Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
Jiabin HuoState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Tao RanCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
Xiumin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Rong WangState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Jinzhen JiaoState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Aoyu JiangState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Guowang LuoState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
Zhigang ZhangState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
Qiang QiuSchool of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710100, China.
Zhipeng LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Shengyong MaoLaboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Zhongtang YuDepartment of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Zhiliang TanState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zltan@isa.ac.cn.
Xiyang DongKey Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China. Electronic address: dongxiyang@tio.org.cn.
Min WangState Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: mwang@isa.ac.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionViruses are abundant biological entities within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants. Current understanding is extensive for bacterial and archaeal communities, but limited for viral communities.

objectivesThe study aimed to investigate viral diversity, virus-host interactions and ecological functions of viruses across GIT regions and ruminant species.

methodsWe collected 373 short-read and long-read metagenomes from 10 GIT regions of seven ruminant species, combining Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Nanopore sequencing. Viral contigs were identified using sequence homology, viral hallmark gene and machine learning, and employed to uncover community assembly of spatial heterogeneity by analyzing virus-host linkage, lifestyle, and auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs).

resultsWe constructed a Ruminant Gastrointestinal Virome Catalog (RGVC) comprising 43,981 vOTUs, revealing that viral communities were remarkably diverse and mainly driven by the GIT regions rather than by the ruminant species. Virus-host linkage analysis identified 4603 putative prokaryotic hosts across 34 classes for 5954 host-linked viruses, along with robust correlation (R

conclusionThese findings suggest that the GIT viral communities exhibit spatial heterogeneity with distinct virus-host interactions, and offer new perspectives on maintenance of complex ecological and nutritional functions in ruminant GIT.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeGastrointestinal TractRuminantsViromeVirusesAnimalsMetagenomeGastrointestinal tractRuminantsSpatial heterogeneityViral community

Identifiers

PMID41506449
PMCPMC13669679

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.