Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41505698›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2026

A Three-Year Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing Patterns Among Homebound Older Adults: Implications for Future Preparedness.

Karen E Skinner, Anneliese Stoever, John R Zakibe, Carla Evans, John Saunders, Matthew W Kreuter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Karen E SkinnerKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.ORCID 0000-0001-6591-2332
Anneliese StoeverKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.
John R ZakibeKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.
Carla EvansKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.ORCID 0009-0009-8561-2332
John SaundersKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.
Matthew W KreuterKaren E. Skinner and Matthew W. Kreuter are with the Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Anneliese Stoever and John R. Zakibe are with the St. Louis Area Agency on Aging, St. Louis City Department of Human Services. Carla Evans is with Five Star Center, Inc, St. Louis, MO. John Saunders Jr is with Wesley House Association, St. Louis, MO.ORCID 0000-0001-7272-0785

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19 self-test kits were distributed to low-income, homebound older adults with their home-delivered meals annually (2022-2024). A convenience sample of recipients completed follow-up surveys in 2022 (n = 271), 2023 (n = 295), and 2024 (n = 285). In 2023, 28% had ever used a COVID-19 self-test, which increased to 39% in 2024 and is comparable to a national study (27%). Through partnerships with trusted meal-delivery providers, homebound older adults can achieve rates of COVID-19 self-testing comparable to those of the broader population. (

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 TestingCOVID-19 VaccinesHomebound PersonsAgedFemaleHumansSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID41505698
PMCPMC12981185

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.